National Integrity System

Perception about corruption and notion of national integrity was in principle different before 1990s -during the socialist system. As in the socialist system people did not have property rights, no major conflict of economic interest groups, no political democracy and the existence of dictatorship of one party made the perception about corruption through the prism of the social norms and socialist ethics. Perception of corruption among people of that time was limited to offering of articles of everyday use as gifts to feather one’s own nest and employment to and promotion of cronies and friends. But within the privileged few (upper echelon of communist arty) abuse of power and social status for personal National Integrity Systems 2001 purposes was widespread, but people r emained unaware about this due to absence of freedom of press and speech.