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 Авлига, төр хоёр
Монгол
Зохиогч: Сьюзан Роуз-Аккерман
Орчуулсан: Ц.Цэрэн
Хянасан: Ж.Төртогтох
Хэвлэсэн: 2007
Эдийн засаг бол авлигыг задлан шинжлэх хүчтэй арга хэрэглүүр мөн. Соёлын ялгаа, ёс суртахуун нь өөрийн нарийн ялгавар, зарим тухайлсан зүйлийг нэмдэг ч авлигад өртөгдөх, татагдах нь хамгийн их мэдэгддэг, хамгийн их нөлөөлдөгийг ухаарахад эдийн засгийн нийтлэг хандлага зайлшгүй шаардлагатай. Миний бие «Авлига: улс төрийн эдийн засгийн ухааны найруулал» хэмээх түрүүчийн номдоо цөөн тооны эдийн засагч, улстөр судлаач нарт зориулан дээрх санаагаа нотолсон билээ. Тэгвээс, өдгөө хорин жилийн хойно хөгжиж буй орнууд, төрийн социализмаас зах зээлийн эдийн засагт шилжиж буй орнууд дахь авилгын төвөгтэй, ээдрээтэй байдлыг төвлөрүүлэн анхаараад задлан шинжилгээгээ улам лавшруулж, үүнийг сонирхогчдын хүрээг өргөтгөн тэлэх бодолтой байна.
Дэлхийн хөгжлийн асуудлыг судладаг эдийн засагчдын дунд эрх зүйн хэм хэмжээний асуудлыг өргөн дэлгэр сонирхох болсон нь ийм сэдвээр оролдоход намайг зоригжуулсан билээ. Авилгыг судлах нь эрдэмтэд, улстөрчдийг зарим нэг хүний хувийн ашгаа бодсон зан авир, нийгмийн үнэт чухаг зүйлсийн хооронд үүсдэг зөрчлийг гойд анхааран үзэхэд хүргэдэг. Эрдэмтэд эдийн засгийн хөгжилд газар сайгүй ажиглагдаж буй зогсонги байдлын учрыг олох гэж эрмэлзэхдээ авлигыг тэтгэдэг төрийн бүтцүүдийн (байгууллагуудын) сул тал, дураараа авирлах явдлын нэг адил авлига өөрөө аливаа бүх зүйлд буруутайг ямагт илрүүлдэг.
 Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries
English
By AREND LIJPHART
ISBN: 0-300-07893-5
Published: 1999
In this updated and expanded edition of his highly acclaimed book Democracies, Arend Lijphart offers a broader and deeper analysis of worldwide democratic institutions than ever before. Examining thirty-six democracies during the half-century from 1945 to 1996, Lijphart arrives at important—and unexpected— conclusions about what type of democracy works best. Although conventional wisdom suggests that majoritarian democracies like those in the United States and Great Britain are superior to consensual systems like those in Switzerland and Israel, Lijphart shows this is not so. In fact, consensual systems stimulate economic growth, control inflation and unemployment, and limit budget deficits just as well as majoritarian democracies do. And consensus democracies clearly outperform majoritarian systems on measures of political equality, women's representation, citizen participation in elections, and proximity between government policies and voter preferences.
Systematically comparing cabinets, legislatures, parties, election systems, supreme courts, and—for the first time in this volume—interest groups and central banks, Lijphart demonstrates that the more consensual a democracy, the "kinder and gentler" it is when addressing such issues as welfare, the environment, criminal justice, and foreign aid. These findings are of far-reaching import not only for countries designing their first democratic constitutions but also for established democracies seeking practical approaches to reform.
"I can't think of another scholar as well qualified as Lijphart to write a book of this kind. He has an amazing grasp of the relevant literature, and he's compiled an unmatched collection of data."
—Robert A. Dahl, Yale University
 Global Economic Prospects 2008: Technology Diffusion in the Developing World
English
by World Bank
Published January 2008
ISBN: 0-8213-7365-X
Global Economic Prospects 2008: Technology Diffusion in the Developing World examines the state of technology in developing countries and the pace with which it has advanced since the early 1990s.
It reveals both encouraging and cautionary trends. On the one hand, the pace of technological progress in developing countries has been much faster than in high-income countries-reflecting increased exposure to foreign technology as a result of linkages with high-skilled diasporas and the opening of these countries to international trade and foreign direct investment.On the other hand, the technology gap remains large, and the domestic factors that determine how quickly technologies spread within developing countries often stymie progress, especially among low-income countries.
This year's Global Economic Prospects comes on the heels of an extended period of strong growth and a 15 year period of strong performance in much of the developing world, which has contributed to substantial declines in global poverty. While high oil prices and heightened market volatility may signal a coming pause in this process, over the longer term continued technological progress should continue to push back poverty.
"Rapid technological progress in developing countries has been central to the reduction of poverty in recent decades. While the integration of global markets has played and will continue to play a key role in this, future success will increasingly depend on strengthening technical competencies and the business environment for innovative firms in developing countries."
- Graeme Wheeler Managing Director, The World Bank.
Эдгээр номуудыг Нээлттэй Нийгэм Форумын Хөгжлийн Мэдээллийн Төвд ирж үзэхийг урьж байна.
Хаяг: Сүхбаатар дүүрэг, Жамъян гүний гудамж 5/1, Нээлттэй Нийгэм Форумын байр, утас 313207 |
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